Estrogen receptors and their roles in the immune and respiratory systems

Estrogen is an important hormone for health in both genders. It indispensable to glucose homeostasis, immune robustness, bone health, cardiovascular and neural functions. The main way that estrogen acts the cells through receptors (ERs). presence of specific required have its characteristic ubiquitous action almost all tissues. receptor alpha (ER?) beta (ER?) are major isoforms highly humans enable selective hormonal actions different This article reviews some observed effects tissues these receptors. ubiquitous, ordinary may reveal itself as a significant factor helped us better understand complexity human system response against respiratory infections, including COVID-19, especially current state this painful pandemic.